Shashi kumar With Simpi Singh At Digha Patna
Shashi kumar With Aditya Singh At Patna Museum
Shashi kumar @ Office
Shashi kumar Aansoo At Light Mood
विवरण
परमवीर चक्र का पदक शत्रु के सामने अद्वितीय साहस तथा परम शूरता का परिचय देने पर दिया जाता है।
शुरुआत
स्वरूप
परमवीर चक्र का डिज़ाइन विदेशी मूल की एक महिला ‘सावित्री खालोनकर उर्फ सावित्री बाई’ ने किया था और 1950 से अब तक इसके आरंभिक स्वरूप में किसी तरह का कोई परिवर्तन नहीं किया गया है।
विजेता/सम्मानित
अब तक 21 भारतीय सैनिकों को परमवीर चक्र से सम्मानित किया जा चुका है।
“Param Vir Chakra (PVC) is the highest gallantry award for officers and other enlisted personnel of all military branches of India for the highest degree of valour in the presence of the enemy. Introduced on 26thJanuary 1950, this award may be given posthumously.
Literally, Param Vir Chakra means ‘Wheel (or Cross) of the Ultimate Brave’. In Sanskrit, ‘Param means Ultimate, ‘Vir (Pronounced veer) means Brave and ‘Chakra means Wheel.”
अन्य जानकारी
‘परमवीर चक्र’ को अमेरिका के ‘सम्मान पदक’ तथा ‘यूनाइटेड किंगडम’ के ‘विक्टोरिया क्रॉस’ के बराबर का दर्जा हासिल है।
परमवीर चक्र या ‘पीवीसी’ सैन्य सेवा तथा उससे जुड़े हुए लोगों को दिया जाने वाला भारत का सर्वोच्च वीरता सम्मान है। यह पदक शत्रु के सामने अद्वितीय साहस तथा परम शूरता का परिचय देने पर दिया जाता है। 26 जनवरी1950 से शुरू किया गया यह पदक मरणोपरांत भी दिया जाता है।
पदक का प्रावधान
स्वतंत्र भारत में पराक्रमी वीरों को युद्ध भूमि में दिखाये गये शौर्य के लिए अनेक प्रतीक सम्मान पुरस्कारों का चलन शुरू हुआ। 15 अगस्त 1947 से वर्ष 1950 तक भारत अपना संविधान रचने में व्यस्त रहा। 26 जनवरी 1950 को जो विधान लागू हुआ, उसे 1947 से प्रभावी माना गया। वह इसलिए जिससे 1947-48 में हुए भारत-पाक युद्ध के वीरों को, जिन्होंने जम्मू- कश्मीर के मोर्चों पर अपना शौर्य दिखाया, उन्हें भी पुरस्कारों से सम्मानित किया जा सके। इस क्रम में युद्धभूमि में सैनिकों द्वारा दिखाए गये पराक्रम के लिए 1950 में तीन पुरस्कारों का प्रावधान किया गया, जो श्रेष्ठता के क्रम से इस प्रकार हैं-
परमवीर चक्र महावीर चक्रवीर चक्रवर्ष 1952 में अशोक चक्र का प्रावधान किया गया।
शाब्दिक अर्थ
‘परमवीर चक्र’ का शाब्दिक अर्थ है “वीरता का चक्र”।संस्कृति के शब्द “परम”, “वीर” एवं “चक्र” से मिलकर यह शब्द बना है।
रिबैंड बार
यदि कोई परमवीर चक्र विजेता दोबारा शौर्य का परिचय देता है और उसे परमवीर चक्र के लिए चुना जाता है तो इस स्थिति में उसका पहला चक्र निरस्त करके उसे रिबैंड (Riband) दिया जाता है। इसके बाद हर बहादुरी पर उसके ‘रिबैंड बार’ की संख्या बढ़ाई जाती है। इस प्रक्रिया को मरणोपरांत भी किया जाता है। प्रत्येक रिबैंड बार परइंद्र के वज्र की प्रतिकृति बनी होती है, तथा इसे रिबैंड के साथ ही लगाया जाता है।
समकक्ष सम्मान
‘परमवीर चक्र’ को अमेरिका के ‘सम्मान पदक’ तथा ‘यूनाइटेड किंगडम’ के ‘विक्टोरिया क्रॉस’ के बराबर का दर्जा हासिल है।
महत्त्व
परमवीर चक्र वीरता की श्रेष्ठतम श्रेणी में, युद्ध भूमि में प्रदर्शित पराक्रम के लिए दिया जाता है। यह पुरस्कार वीर सैनिक को स्वयं या मरणोपरांत दिये जाने की स्थिति में, उसके प्रतिनिधि को सम्मानपूर्वक दिया जाता है। इस पुरस्कार को देश के तत्कालीन राष्ट्रपति विशिष्ट समारोह में अपने हाथों से प्रदान करते हैं। यह पुरस्कार तीनों सेनाओं के वीरों को समान रूप से दिया जाता है। इस पुरस्कार में स्त्री पुरुष का भेदभाव भी मान्य नहीं है। इस पुरस्कार की विशिष्टता का अनुमान इसी से लगाया जा सकता है कि 1947 से लेकर आजतक यह पुरस्कार, चार बड़े युद्ध लड़े जाने के बाद भी केवल 21 सैनिकों को ही दिया गया है, जिनमें से 14 सैनिकों को यह पुरस्कार मरणोपरांत दिया गया है।
परमवीर चक्र का स्वरूप
भारतीय सेना के रणबांकुरों को असाधारण वीरता दर्शाने पर दिए जाने वाले सर्वोच्च पदक परमवीर चक्र का डिज़ाइन विदेशी मूल की एक महिला ने किया था और 1950 से अब तक इसके आरंभिक स्वरूप में किसी तरह का कोई परिवर्तन नहीं किया गया है।
26 जनवरी 1950 को लागू होने के बाद से अब तक (सन् 2012 तक) 21 श्रेष्ठतम वीरों के अदम्य साहस को गौरवान्वित कर चुके इस पदक की संरचना एवं इस पर अंकित आकृतियां भारतीय संस्कृति एवं दैविक वीरता को उद्धृत करती हैं। भारतीय सेना की ओर से ‘मेजर जनरल हीरालाल अटल’ ने परमवीर चक्र डिजाइन करने की ज़िम्मेदारी ‘सावित्री खालोनकर उर्फ सावित्री बाई’ को सौंपी जो मूल रूप से भारतीय नहीं थीं।स्विट्जरलैंड में 20 जुलाई 1913 को जन्मी सावित्री बाई का मूल नाम ‘ईवावोन लिंडा मेडे डे मारोस’ था जिन्होंने अपने अभिवावक के विरोध के बावजूद1932 में भारतीय सेना की सिख रेजीमेंट के तत्कालीन कैप्टन विक्रम खानोलकर से प्रेम विवाह के बाद हिंदू धर्म स्वीकार कर लिया था।मेजर जनरल अटल ने भारतीय पौराणिक साहित्यसंस्कृत और वेदांत के क्षेत्र में सावित्री बाई के ज्ञान को देखते हुए उन्हें परमवीर चक्र का डिजाइन तैयार करने की ज़िम्मेदारी सौंपी। तत्कालीन समय उनके पति भी मेजर जनरल बन चुके थे। मेजर जनरल (सेवानिवृत्त) ‘इयान कारडोजो’ की हालिया प्रकाशित पुस्तक परमवीर चक्र के मुताबिक सावित्री बाई ने भारतीय सेना के भरोसे पर खरा उतरते हुए सैन्य वीरता के सर्वोच्च पदक के डिजाइन के कल्पित रूप को साकार किया। पदक की संरचना के लिए उन्होंने महर्षि दधीचिसे प्रेरणा ली जिन्होंने देवताओं का अमोघ अस्त्र बनाने को अपनी अस्थियां दान कर दी थीं जिससे ‘इंद्र के वज्र’ का निर्माण हुआ था।
परमवीर चक्र विजेताओं के नाम
· लांस नायक अल्बर्ट एक्का
· कैप्टन विक्रम बत्रा
· कम्पनी क्वार्टर मास्टर हवलदार अब्दुल हमीद
· नायब सूबेदार बाना सिंह
· सूबेदार जोगिन्दर सिंह
· कैप्टन गुरबचन सिंह सालारिया
· मेजर सोमनाथ शर्मा
· मेजर होशियार सिंह
· लेफ्टिनेंट कर्नल ए. बी. तारापोरे
·राइफलमैन संजय कुमार
· कम्पनी हवलदार मेजर पीरू सिंह
· कैप्टन मनोज कुमार पांडेय
· मेजर धन सिंह थापा
· ग्रेनेडियर योगेन्द्र सिंह यादव
· फ्लाइंग ऑफिसर निर्मलजीत सिंह सेखों
· लांस नायक करम सिंह
· नायक जदुनाथ सिंह
· मेजर शैतान सिंह
· सेकेंड लेफ्टिनेंट अरुण खेत्रपाल
· मेजर रामास्वामी परमेस्वरन
· सेकेंड लेफ्टिनेंट रामा राघोबा राने
Param Vir Chakra winners so far:
1. IC– 521 Major Som Nath Sharma, 4 Kumaon Regiment, November 3, 1947, Badgam Kashmir (posthumous)
2. IC-22356 Lance Naik Karham Singh M M, 1 Sikh Regiment, October 13, 1948, Tithwal Kashmir
3. SS-14246 Second Lt Rama Raghobe Rane, Corps of Engineers, April 8, 1948, Naushera, Kashmir
4. 27373 Naik Jadu Nath Singh, 1 Rajput Regiment, February 1948, Naushera, Kashmir (posthumous)
5. 2831592 Company Havildar Major Piru Singh, 6 Rajputana Rifles, July 17/18, 1948, Tithwal, Kashmir (posthumous)
6. IC-8497 Captain Gurbachan Singh Salaria, 3/1 Gurkha Rifles, December 5, 1961, Elizabethville, Katanga, Congo (posthumous)
7. IC-7990 Major Dhan Singh Thapa, 1/8 Gurkha Rifles, October 20, 1962, Ladakh, India
8. JC-4547 Subedar Joginder Singh, 1 Sikh Regiment, October 23, 1962, Tongpen La, Northeast Frontier Agency, India (posthumous)
9. Major Shaitan Singh, Kumaon Regiment, November 18, 1962, Rezang La (posthumous)
10. 2639885 Company Havildar Major Abdul Hamid, 4 Grenadiers, September 10, 1965, Chima, Khem Karan Sector (posthumous)
11. IC-5565 Lieutenant-Colonel Ardeshir Burzorji Tarapore, 17 Poona Horse, October 15, 1965, Phillora, Sialkot Sector, Pakistan (posthumous)
12. 4239746 Lance Naik Albert Ekka, 14 Guards, December 3, 1971, Gangasagar (posthumous)
13. 10877 (P) Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon, Indian Air Force, December 14, 1971, Srinagar, Kashmir (posthumous)
14. IC-25067 2/Lieutenant Arun Khetarpal, 17 Poona Horse, December 16, 1971, Jarpal, Shakargarh Sector, (posthumous)
15. IC-14608 Major Hoshiar Singh, Grenadiers, December 17, 1971, Basantar River, Shakargarh Sector
16. Naib Subedar Bana Singh, 8 Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry, June 23, 1987, Siachen Glacier, Jammu and Kashmir
17. Major Ramaswamy Parmeshwaran, 8 Mahar Regiment, November 25, 1987, Sri Lanka (posthumous)
18. IC-57556 Captain Vikram Batra, 13 Jammu and Kashmir Rifles, July 6, 1999
19. IC-56959 Lt Manoj Kumar Pandey, 1/11 Gorkha Rifles, July 3, 1999, Khaluber/Juber Top, Batalik sector, Kargil area, Jammu and Kashmir (posthumous)
20. No 2690572 Grenadier Yogendra Singh Yadav, 18 Grenadiers, July 4, 1999, Tiger Hill, Kargil area
21. Rifleman Sanjay Kumar, 13 Jammu and Kashmir Rifles, July 5, 1999
By
Shashi kumar “Aansoo”
Ministry of Road Transport & Highways’ move making vehicle registration details available via SMS, the service has been restricted to registered mobile numbers only. Unauthorised mobile numbers trying to access the service, get a message that says, “Sorry your Mobile no is Not Authorised for this service.” But the Web-based search is still available.
New Delhi: Saw someone zipping past in a vehicle and want to know his/her name? That vital piece of information, which can later lead to much else, is now only an SMS or a simple Web search away.
In an era when we are all becoming more concerned about our privacy, a service that gives away a vehicle owner’s personal details via SMS is sure to raise some heckles.
Sending an SMS in the format VAHAN [space] [VEHICLE REGISTRATION NUMBER WITHOUT SPACES] TO +91 9212357123 / 09212357123 will get you a response that includes:
– The place of registration
– Name(s) of the owner(s)
– Make of the vehicle
– Type of vehicle
– Registration and fitness certificate expiry date
– The bank/institution from which the car is financed
– Motor vehicle tax details
On the face of it, this may appear to be helpful data that could come in handy during road accidents and rash driving cases, before purchasing a second-hand vehicle or for law enforcement and investigation purposes. But making such information so easily available will jeopardise the privacy of individuals, especially that of women.
Stalkers and others with mala fide intentions can make use of this to know names, they would have otherwise found difficult finding, and then look up on social networking websites for matches and further details.
In addition to the SMS service, details about the owner of a vehicle can also be easily determined using one of the many vehicle registration search services on the official websites of the transport departments in several states.
While many of them require additional details such as chassis or engine number before displaying search results, there are a few that throw open their entire cache without any barrier whatsoever.
For example the vehicle search featureon the VahSar website of the Government of Himachal Pradesh, any or a combination of the following parameters can be used to search their database:
– Registration number
– Registration date
– Owner name
– Father’s name
– Colour of the vehicle
– Year of manufacture
– Type of owner (government, trust, individual etc.)
– Type of fuel used
– Registration type
– Class of vehicle
In case you want to know how many cars a certain Amit Singh owns or who is HP01H 0222, VahSar will provide you with all the details including correspondence and permanent address. This is a wealth of information not only for stalkers but also for marketers who want to reach out to new customers.
The need for making such information, that we would generally consider to be private, is debatable. In addition to the VahSar service mentioned above, here’s a list of other similar online motor vehicle information search services in different states:
– vahan.nic.in (National)
– delhiveh.nic.in (Delhi)
– jalandhar.gov.in (Punjab)
– sangrur.gov.in (Punjab)
– goatransport.com (Goa)
– 210.212.213.82 (Andhra Pradesh)
– keralamvd.gov.in (Kerala)
– cidwestbengal.gov.in (West Bengal)
These services are powered by Vahan, an information communication technology based solution for vehicle registration initiated by Ministry of Road Transport & Highways in association with the National Informatics Centre (NIC).
The data is fetched from a national register, that is a centralised database for driving licences and registration certificates, which at the time of its launch in July 2011 included vehicle data from 95 per cent of the 975 Road Transport Offices across the country.
According to the official Vahan website using the vehicle search feature citizens “can only search their own vehicle by providing full registration no and last five digit of chassis no.” The government of India official portal, India.gov.in, states that the “data is captured and stored in a secured environment for easy access by the competent authority.” Given the ease with which information from the database can be accessed everyone seems to have been designated as a ‘competent authority’.
The number 9212357123 is apparently a Tata Indicom CDMA number and is used for multiple services by the NIC, such as Central Board of Secondary Education examination results, finding polling booth details during elections or to know status of RTI complaints.
While the Ministry of Road Transport & Highways is handing over our personal information to anyone who comes looking for it, traffic police in cities including Delhi and Bangalore are using vehicle registration numbers to let citizens know if they were caught flouting any traffic rules recently.
Sent from Outlook Mobile
Millennials (also known as theMillennialGeneration or Generation Y) are the demographic cohort following Generation X. There are no precise dates when the generation starts and ends. Most researchers and commentators use birth years ranging from the early 1980s to the early 2000s.
Sometimes, it almost seems like people are speaking in Klingon.
With the advent of social media and texting came an entirely new way to communicate. It’s a mix of shorthand, conjoined words, abbreviations, and phrases that came about because of a meme or even a mistake on social media that people found funny–and useful for communicating in a digital age. Here are a few I’ve heard or discovered on social media myself. (With a special shout-out to my Twitter pals for the help.)
1. Phubbing
I’m reading an early review copy of a book by Sherry Turkle and this word comes up a few times. It means someone is talking to you while he or she is texting or on a computer. It’s a negative term only because it’s impossible for most of us to talk and type at the same time.
2. Hundo P
This phrase is fairly obvious when you think about it. It means “a hundred percent” or that the person using the phrase is supportive and approves.
3. JOMO (Joy of missing out)
Millennials like to take an overused acronym like FOMO (fear of missing out) and twist it to their will. The “joy of missing out” means missing something that was lame in the first place.
4. Sorry not sorry
Fake apologies are part of the ethos when you are a Millennial. You are a little sorry, but you also want to make fun of the idea of being sincerely apologetic when it is not deserved.
5. I can’t even
When you hear this phrase at work, watch out. It means the speaker is losing patience, is at a loss for words, and is pretty annoyed about something.
6. The struggle is real
When Millennials use this phrase at work, it means they are annoyed. They might use the phrase to let you know there is a tough problem or a real hardship.
7. On fleek
Used originally in an Instagram post about eyebrows (yes, the origin stories for these terms tend to be as weird as the terms themselves), being “on fleek” means to be on point. In a business context, it means something was well executed and is worthy of acknowledgement.
8. Dipset
I was confused when I heard this one on social media. It means to bail on something–to leave because something is lame. You might “dipset” from a meeting if the topic is boring. If you use this one, let me know if people understand you.
9. Bae
This word has fallen out of favor, according to a lengthy essay in The Atlantic that probably was not necessary, but you’ll still hear people use it at work. It means your significant other.
10. V
Another “word” that is a single letter, v is common because it adds some emphasis to texting and social media conversations. It means “very,” as in “I’m v excited” about this project. It also means you don’t have to type three extra letters.
11. Perf
Another shortened word, perf means “perfect” and denotes agreement to a cause or plan. Like many of the slang words on this list, it came about because you don’t have to type as many letters. Just don’t confuse it with the shortened version of performance.
12. JK
JKjust kidding–is not a new abbreviation, but it has stood the test of time. It’s used when someone has made a joke and wants to make you pick up on the humor.
13. It me
This shortened version of “it’s me” is often used as a term of agreement and self identification. It means the person identifies with the topic, but they don’t want to explain at length. It’s just a quick way to say you can relate to something.
14. P
Is one letter by itself a word? That’s something Oxford will have to decide if it hasn’t already, but to Millennials, p is already part of their cannon. It’s a replacement for pretty (as in “I’m p excited”) and might show up in your next email conversation.
15. TBH
This one is pretty easy to guess (or should I say “it p easy to guess”?). It means “to be honest” and is usually followed by either a joke or a more sincere comment.
Posted from WordPress for Android By Shashi Kumar (Aansoo)
Millennials (also known as theMillennialGeneration or Generation Y) are the demographic cohort following Generation X. There are no precise dates when the generation starts and ends. Most researchers and commentators use birth years ranging from the early 1980s to the early 2000s.
Sometimes, it almost seems like people are speaking in Klingon.
With the advent of social media and texting came an entirely new way to communicate. It’s a mix of shorthand, conjoined words, abbreviations, and phrases that came about because of a meme or even a mistake on social media that people found funny–and useful for communicating in a digital age. Here are a few I’ve heard or discovered on social media myself. (With a special shout-out to my Twitter pals for the help.)
1. Phubbing
I’m reading an early review copy of a book by Sherry Turkle and this word comes up a few times. It means someone is talking to you while he or she is texting or on a computer. It’s a negative term only because it’s impossible for most of us to talk and type at the same time.
2. Hundo P
This phrase is fairly obvious when you think about it. It means “a hundred percent” or that the person using the phrase is supportive and approves.
3. JOMO (Joy of missing out)
Millennials like to take an overused acronym like FOMO (fear of missing out) and twist it to their will. The “joy of missing out” means missing something that was lame in the first place.
4. Sorry not sorry
Fake apologies are part of the ethos when you are a Millennial. You are a little sorry, but you also want to make fun of the idea of being sincerely apologetic when it is not deserved.
5. I can’t even
When you hear this phrase at work, watch out. It means the speaker is losing patience, is at a loss for words, and is pretty annoyed about something.
6. The struggle is real
When Millennials use this phrase at work, it means they are annoyed. They might use the phrase to let you know there is a tough problem or a real hardship.
7. On fleek
Used originally in an Instagram post about eyebrows (yes, the origin stories for these terms tend to be as weird as the terms themselves), being “on fleek” means to be on point. In a business context, it means something was well executed and is worthy of acknowledgement.
8. Dipset
I was confused when I heard this one on social media. It means to bail on something–to leave because something is lame. You might “dipset” from a meeting if the topic is boring. If you use this one, let me know if people understand you.
9. Bae
This word has fallen out of favor, according to a lengthy essay in The Atlantic that probably was not necessary, but you’ll still hear people use it at work. It means your significant other.
10. V
Another “word” that is a single letter, v is common because it adds some emphasis to texting and social media conversations. It means “very,” as in “I’m v excited” about this project. It also means you don’t have to type three extra letters.
11. Perf
Another shortened word, perf means “perfect” and denotes agreement to a cause or plan. Like many of the slang words on this list, it came about because you don’t have to type as many letters. Just don’t confuse it with the shortened version of performance.
12. JK
JKjust kidding–is not a new abbreviation, but it has stood the test of time. It’s used when someone has made a joke and wants to make you pick up on the humor.
13. It me
This shortened version of “it’s me” is often used as a term of agreement and self identification. It means the person identifies with the topic, but they don’t want to explain at length. It’s just a quick way to say you can relate to something.
14. P
Is one letter by itself a word? That’s something Oxford will have to decide if it hasn’t already, but to Millennials, p is already part of their cannon. It’s a replacement for pretty (as in “I’m p excited”) and might show up in your next email conversation.
15. TBH
This one is pretty easy to guess (or should I say “it p easy to guess”?). It means “to be honest” and is usually followed by either a joke or a more sincere comment.
Posted from WordPress for Android By Shashi Kumar (Aansoo)
I am very passionate about learning new words In English and in other language… Sometime we use wrongly Opted Words and found ourselves uncomfortable when it caught by sone literate Person… So let’s check How confident are you in your own vocabulary? Are you certain that every word you use is used correctly? If so, you’re highly unusual. Most people get some words wrong at least some of the time, and some words are wrong more often than they’re used correctly.
To make sure this doesn’t happen to you, here’s a list of 16 common words and phrases to be careful with. They may not mean what you think they do:
1. Adverse
Adverse means bad and usually refers to existing conditions. “The new tax laws were having an adverse effect on business,” or “We drove to the seaside despite adverse weather conditions.” What it doesn’t mean is objection-that’s averse. As in, “I would not be averse to you joining me for dinner.” Two different words that many people mix up.
2. Comprise
Comprise means to include or to be made up of. For instance, a large collection comprising 50 portraits and 20 landscapes. What it doesn’t mean is composed. So, “our work force is comprised of a diverse group of people of all races and ages,” is wrong. Use “compose” or “made up” instead. I frankly can’t see any good use for this word since all its meanings have synonyms that are more easily understood. I avoid it.
3. Diffuse
Diffuse means to dilute or spread out. For instance, if you pour a cup of milk into the ocean, it will diffuse. You can render something harmful less so by diffusing it into a large quantity of something harmless, such as a tablespoon of arsenic diluted in ten gallons of water. That leads some people to wrongly use diffuse to mean “render harmless.”
What they really want is defuse, which sounds somewhat similar. That literally means to deactivate or remove the fuse from an explosive device. But it can also be used metaphorically. For instance, if two people are about to get into a heated argument, you might be able to defuse-not diffuse-tensions by taking them out for ice cream.
4. Effect
Effect is often used wrongly instead of affect. To affect something is to change it-to have an effect on it. Effect as a verb means to make something happen, as in “he effected a cure for his son’s sore throat by feeding him ice cream.” It doesn’t mean to change something.
5. Eke out
The verb to eke is used incorrectly more often that it’s used correctly. Here’s a perfect example of misuse from a recent headline: “Giants eke out a weird, wild win in St. Louis.” To eke out is often used to mean “squeeze out” or “just barely manage.” What it really means, though, is to supplement or stretch out, usually one’s income.
A common usage, and one that’s led to a lot of misunderstanding, is something like this, “He eked out a small living by selling magazine subscriptions.” What that means is, he wasn’t paid very well at his day job, so he picked up extra money selling magazines on the side.
6. Flout
If you’ve got it, flout it, right? Not so much. To flout is to shamelessly break a rule or restriction, such as running a stop sign when there’s a police car right behind you. (I did this once. I don’t recommend it.) It doesn’t mean to show off or boast. If you’ve got it, flaunt it.
7. Forego
This is one I get wrong myself. Did you think it means to give something up or go without something? Wrong-that’s forgo, with no e. To forego means to go before something.
This word is so commonly misused that some lenient dictionaries define forego as “a variant spelling of forgo.” Even so, if you mean forgo, you might as well use the more standard spelling and avoid confusion, not to mention disapprobation.
8. Free reign
This is another phrase that seems to be used incorrectly at least as often as it’s used right. The correct phrase is “free rein,” as in what happens when you’re riding and you drop the reins to let the horse go wherever it wants. Reign is what kings do, and that leads to some confusion because if you write, “he has free rein over our budget,” reign, in the sense of being in charge, might seem right. It isn’t.
9. Hopefully
Hopefully is an adverb meaning “in a hopeful manner.” Correct: ‘”It looks like rain today,” he said hopefully.” (I’m on the West Coast where rain is to be hoped for.) Incorrect: “Hopefully, it will rain today.” Raindrops don’t have emotions so they’re unlikely to feel hopeful as they fall from the sky.
10. Ironic
The meaning of this term is the subject of so much debate even language experts disagree about how to use it right. Much of the disagreement centers around the Alanis Morissette song “Ironic”-many mavens say that none of the situations described in the song actually constitute irony.
Though dictionaries differ, defining this word seems to come down to three things. First, a statement made when what is said isn’t what is meant. For instance, “Isn’t it a nice day to go for a walk?” if it’s pouring outside. The second, having to do with plays or movies, is when someone says something but the audience knows better. For instance, when the young newlyweds say, “I’m so glad we’re alone at last,” because they can’t see the crowd of zombies gathering right outside the door. A third meaning, at least according to some dictionaries, is the opposite of what would be expected or appropriate, such as a stop sign with the words “…defacing stop signs,” added under the word “Stop.”
The word definitely doesn’t mean “oddly coincidental,” but it’s often used that way. So “Ironically, he finally found his long-lost love the day before his wedding to another woman,” is all wrong.
11. Methodology
Methodology is the actual study of method. So if you have a group of scientists running an experiment, and a second group of scientists is interviewing them about how they’re handling that experiment-that’s methodology. The procedure by which the first group of scientists is actually doing their experiments is method, not methodology.
12. Myself
This is another one I’ve often gotten wrong. Myself is only properly used when the subject of a sentence is “I.” For instance, “I myself have seen this happen with my own eyes.” Don’t use myself in any other context. “He brought drinks for my sister, my wife, and myself,” is wrong. Use “me” instead.
13. Nauseous
This is one most people get wrong. If you’re feeling sick to your stomach, you’re nauseated, not nauseous. If you’re nauseous, that means you’re making the people around you feel sick to their stomachs.
14. Peak your interest
I don’t know how many PR pitches I’ve received saying they want to peak my interest in something. Although they’re hoping to bring my interest to a peak, the correct usage is pique your interest. Pique means to arouse or excite. As a noun, it means being angry or offended, which may be part of the confusion.
15. Period of time
I’ve said or written this many times myself, but I’ve recently seen the light. Period (when not referring to punctuation) actually means a certain amount of time. So “period of time” is badly redundant. Go ahead and use period, just don’t put “of time” after it.
16. Poured over
If you’re carefully examining something, then you’re poring over it, not pouring. If you’re “pouring over” something, it had better be liquor over ice, or hot fudge sauce over ice cream sauce.
How many of these words have you been using correctly? If it’s all of them, give yourself a pat on the back. Either way, feel free to tell me your own most annoying word misuses in the comments.
Posted from WordPress for Android By Shashi Kumar (Aansoo)
